DARU Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences51-2A study on the Morphology and Phytochemistry of Hyoscyamus reticulatus L110N.GhassemiS.E.Sajjadi f.saghai20151006Hyoscyamus reticulatus L. (Solanaceae)is a plant containing hyoscyamine and scopolamine which is of interest due to its potential conversion to pharmaceutically valuable tropane alkaloids (1).in this study, H.reticulatus L. was collected from the Bakhtiari province.This plant is found wild in most areas of Iran (2).The plant was examined botanically and phytochemicaliy. Morphological as well as microscopical characteristics of the piant was examined and some differences distinguished form H. niger (e.g.shape and number of stomata and glandular trichomes)(3).Hyoscyamine and scopolamine were isolated from the plant and their structures were elucidated using spectroscopic techniques.The quantitative determinations of hyoscyamine and scopolamine were performed by titrimetry and UV spectroscopy methods (4).The quantitative estimation of hyoscyamine and scopolamine gave the following results:Hyoscyamine 0.031% Scopolamine 0.025%https://daru.tums.ac.ir/index.php/daru/article/view/49https://daru.tums.ac.ir/index.php/daru/article/download/49/49

DARU Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences51-2Quantitative Evaluation of Cobalamins (Vit.B12) Produced by Native Propionibacteria1116H.kazemi fardN. MozamiM.Jalali20151006in order to prepare cobalamins (Vit. B12) using microbial culture method, the strains of Genus propionibacteriun have been chosen in preference to other species because of their rapid growth and high productivity of selected mutants.In the present research we examined the quantitative evaluation of cobalamins (Vit.B12) produced by native propionibacteria and results have been compared to other reports in this subject.The native propionibacteria were isolated from Iranien dairy products and transferred to cobalamins productive medium.Amount of cobalamins produced by these strains were measured by radioimmunoassay method. Our results showed that native propionibacteria produced 100 to 420 pg cobalamins per ml of the medium.https://daru.tums.ac.ir/index.php/daru/article/view/50https://daru.tums.ac.ir/index.php/daru/article/download/50/50

DARU Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences51-2Comparison of Indoie-aikafoids in Vinca major L, V. minor L. and Vinca herbacea L1729Hassan EbrahimzadehAzra Ataei Mohammad -Reza Noori-Daloii20151006Eleven main alkaloids was observed in the leaf of Vinca major, of these, eight is determined: Ajmaline,Vindo[ine, Catharantine, Serpentine, Vincamine, Vincristine, Ajmalicine and Vinblastine. The known main alkaloids formed totally 41.5% and the unknown main alkaloids about 50.6% of the total alkaloid. The amount of the total alkaloid was 2.3 mg per gr of the fresh weight. Vincamine which was not present in V.rosea, was seen in V.major (8.2%).Furthermore, Vindoline, Catharantine and Serpentine had a lesser amount in V.major, in comparison with V.rosea, respectively 3.7%, 18.1% and 6.3%. The mentioned eight known alkaloids and nine unknown alkaloids was observed in the leaf of V.minor. The known main alkaloids formed totally 37.1% and the unknown main alkaloids about 56.4% of the total alkaloids. The amount of the total alkaloid was 0.5 mg per gr of the fresh weight.All of alkaloids had a lesser amount in V.major, in comparison with alkaloids of similar to itself. Vincamine had the most percent (16.1%) and Vindoline (6.6%) and Serpentine (7.8%) were set after it.It was observed, in addition to mentioned eight known alkaloids, eight unknown alkaloids in the leaf of V. herbacea. The known main alkaloids formed totaly 52.5% and the unknown main alkaloids about 41.5% of the total alkaloid.The amount of the total alkaloid was 4.7 mg per gr of the fersh weight of the leaf. This amount is more than the amount which was observed in V.rosea (0.75), V.major (2,3), and V.minor (0.5).Vincamine had a high percent (39.8) and Serpentine a low percent (8.7). In short, V.herbacea is a good source for Vincamine and Serpentine, specially the last compound which easily is changed into Ajmalicine. V. rosea and V.major are a good source for Vindoline and Catharantine that can be used for providing Vinblastine and Vincristine.https://daru.tums.ac.ir/index.php/daru/article/view/51https://daru.tums.ac.ir/index.php/daru/article/download/51/51

DARU Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences51-2Citric Acid Production by the Aspergillus niger Isolated from the Microflora of Iran3945R.YazdanparastAnd A. Bahrani20151006Citric acid production by A.niger, isolated from the microflora of Iran, has been investigated in liquid and semi-solid states using growth media with different compositions. In 2% media made of Rocheh grape pomace or sabouraud dextrose, the yield of citric acid production was 0.7 g per Kg of the pomace; and the yield decreased by 50% in 2% saghal solian grape pomace medium. However, in 40% (W/W) saghal solian semi-solid medium containing 3% methanol, the yield of citric acid production has improved to 80 g per Kg of pomace in stationary mode of production and to 120 g per Kg of pomace in the rolling mode of fermentation.https://daru.tums.ac.ir/index.php/daru/article/view/52https://daru.tums.ac.ir/index.php/daru/article/download/52/52

DARU Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences51-2Essential Oil Constituents of the Iranian Yarrow Growing Wild in North-East of Tehran3350Suleiman AfsharypuorSadigheh AsgaryfG.B. Lockwood20151006Essential oil constituents of the dried aerial parts of yarrow (Achiiiea millefolium L. ssp. millefolium) growing wild in Emamzadeh Aii (Haraz road, north-east of Tehran-lran)were studied by TLC , GC,and GC/MS methods. Twelve volatile constituents were identified. The oil consisted mainly of monoterpenes (72.04%).1,8-Cineole (14.25%) was the dominant component of the oil, while, 4-terpineol (11.71 %), pulegone (8.57 %), borneol (8.21 %),-terpineol (8.21 %), and camphor (5.35 %) were the other main constituents of the oil.https://daru.tums.ac.ir/index.php/daru/article/view/53https://daru.tums.ac.ir/index.php/daru/article/download/53/53

DARU Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences51-2The Influence of Particle Size and Dissolution Rate on Bioavailabilty of Two Indomethacine Capsules5161M.BijanzadehM. MahmoudianM.E. ZolfaghariM.M.GouyaT.KhaziniaA.Khosravi20151006Indomethacin is a drug of very low aqueous solubility and poor wetability, all characteristics which make it a drug with a potenial bioavailability problem. Thus, the present study was undertaken to estimate the bioavailability of indomethacin capsules, having different particle sizes and dissolution rates. The particle size, dissolution rates and the bioavailabilities of two indomethacin capsules, indomethacin generic capsules DP (Darou Pakhsh Co.) and indocid (Merk sharp & Dohme)were studied. The median indomethacin particle size of indocid MSD and indomethacin capsules DP were found to be 5.23 mm and 8.61 mm respectively. It also has been found that the dissolution rates and rates of absorption (measured as Ka and peak plasma time ) are dependent upon the particle size of indomethacin preparations (i.e.the higher particle size, the slower dissolution and absorption). But the total amount of drug absorbed (measured as AUCinf )is not affected by the particle size. While the plasma concentration time curve after the administration of indocid capsules shows a distinct distribution and elimination phases, this was iess apparent following the administration of indomethacin generic capsules. Therefore, it is concluded that the particle size and rate of dissolution not only affect the peak time and level, but it may also affect the apparent pattern of indomethacin pharmacokinetics.https://daru.tums.ac.ir/index.php/daru/article/view/54https://daru.tums.ac.ir/index.php/daru/article/download/54/54

DARU Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences51-2Development and Preparation of Controlled Release (CR) Tablet Formulations of Procainamide Fluid-Bed Technique6274Morteza Rafiee-TehraniH.Shabak20151006The need for controlled release (CR) formulation of procainamide, an antiarrhythmic drug is well known. The aim of this investigation was an attempt to establish controlled release procainamide tablet formulations by fluid bed technique. The procainamide granules were prepared, using PVP as binder. A laboratory size fluidlzed bed drier (Uni-Glatt) was used for coating the procainamide granules. As polymers, Eudragit RSPO, ethylcelluiose and Eudragit S 100 + ethylcelluiose (1:1) have been utilized. Triethylciirate (TEC)was used as plasticizer in this investigation. The ratio of TEC to polymers was 1:9 in most experiments. However, in some formulations this ratio was increased to (1:4).The coated granules were compressed using an excentric tabletting machine. Drug release patterns of all formulations prepared were investigated. The dissolution media were consisted of hydrochloric acid buffer pH 1.5 for the first 2h and phosphate buffer pH 8.8 for remaining period of time in all experiments.For comparison, a commercially available brand of procainamide controlled release tablet was included in this study. Cross section scanning electron micrographs of coated and uncoated granules were taken. Granules coated with Eudragit RSPO, ethylcellulose and the combination of Eudragit S 100 and ethylcellulose (1:1) exhibited proper release behaviour. The release profiles were analyzed to check whether the release was diffusion-controlled or followed first-order kinetics. The release from most of the formulations prepared seems to correspond to the first-order kinetics. It was also concluded that, air suspension technique is a suitable method for the fabrication of controlled release formulations of procainamide tablets.https://daru.tums.ac.ir/index.php/daru/article/view/55https://daru.tums.ac.ir/index.php/daru/article/download/55/55