DARU Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences13Measurement of Urinary Steroids; The Methods Which121126M.G. Bigdeli M. Ahmadi2015100617 - Ketosteroids, 17-ketogenic steroids and 17-Hydroxy -corticosteroids, the major and clinically important urinary stero¬ids are largly originated from adrenal cortex and in some extent from gonads. These steroids have been and still are measured by Zimmerman and Porter-Silber colorimetric methods. At the time these measurements were considered highly valuable replacement for time consuming bioassays. Unfortunately, none of these assays are reliable indicator of the biological activity of specific steroids secreted by the endocrine glands. Therefore, considering such deficiencies and improvement techniques with higher sensi¬tivity and specificity for endocrine evaluation, it seems that colorimetric assays should be abandoned. In this article the disadvantages of these assays are described and new methods for evaluation of steroids are introduced.https://daru.tums.ac.ir/index.php/daru/article/view/17https://daru.tums.ac.ir/index.php/daru/article/download/17/17

DARU Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences13Solubility of Acetaminophen in Some Alcohol Free Solvent Systems127134H. Barzegar-JalaliH. Rafati20151006In an attempt to formulate an alcohol free acetaminophen solution for use in pediatrics, the effect of different concentra¬tions of polyethylene glycol 400 (PEG 400 ) and polysorbate 80 ( Iween 80 ) on the solubility of the drug in water .as well as in the vehicles composed of (propylene glycol 10?o V/V + glycerol 20% V/V in water ) and (propylene glycol 12?o V/V + glycerol 40?o V/V in water ) was investigated at 20 C. There was a linear relationship between the logarithm of the drug solubility and volume fraction of PEG 400 in the vehicles. Also, a linear relation was established between the solubility of the drug in water and the volume fraction of Tween 80. After the solubilization studies, the appropriate concentration of the cosolvents and Tween 80 were chosen for the tolerance test of the solutions at a low temperature (4 C) against crystalization. These studies led us to propose two alcohol free drug solutions with suitable sweetening and flavoring agents. Properties of the products including a simple method of determination of drug concentration, density and viscosity measure¬ments have been also reported.https://daru.tums.ac.ir/index.php/daru/article/view/18https://daru.tums.ac.ir/index.php/daru/article/download/18/18

DARU Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences13The Antibacterial Activity of Pulycaria gnaphalodes135143F. MoattarM. Asgari20151006The antibacterial effects of alcoholic,aqueous and chloroformic extracts of Pulycaria qnaphalodes (Compositae ) have been studied against Bacillus cereus, Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus , Streptococcus faecalis , Branhamella catarhalis, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa , Proteous vulgaris and Escherichia coli.Results showed,that the alcoholic extract of the powdered plant collected during the summer had the highest antibacterial activities against gram positive and gram negative microorganisms.The antibacterial effect of the alcoholic extract against Staphylococcus aureus could be important for the topical uses of dermal infections.https://daru.tums.ac.ir/index.php/daru/article/view/19https://daru.tums.ac.ir/index.php/daru/article/download/19/19

DARU Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences13Formulation of Pine Tar Antidandruff Shampoo Assessment and Comparison With Some Commercial Formulations145152M. Gharavi  S. Homeni20151006In this study a pine tar shampoo as a new antidandruff formulation is presented. Assessment of antidandruff preparations has been hampered by the lack of standardized schedules, and reliable methods of evaluation.Some antidandruff agents such as : Zinc pyri-thione pine tar, selenium sulphide and (sulfure ) were used in shampoos. Samples were coded as numbers 1,2 formulated by us and 3,4 formulated commercially. The grading scheme based on 10 point scale, and corneocyte count was carried out on 50 selected volunte¬ers. Corneocyte count and fungal study proved that pine tor shampoo is effective against pityrosporum ovale. Draize lest was used for determination of the irritancy potential of the samples. Results showed that samples numbered 1,2 were relatively innocous in comparison with the others. I urthermore,s kin sensitination test on rabbit also confirmed the results obtained by Draize test. Consumer judgments proved that all formulations were acceptable.https://daru.tums.ac.ir/index.php/daru/article/view/20https://daru.tums.ac.ir/index.php/daru/article/download/20/20

DARU Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences13Study of The Effect of Initial Height of Powder on Compressibility of Aspirin,Sodium Chloride and Pota¬ssium Bromide153164M.H. Zarrintan  A. Rostami20151006At present study three crystaline materials of aspirin, sodium chloride and potassium bromide have been compressed with an hydraulic press at different compactional pressures . The effect of initial height of powder on compressibility has been investigated via determination of relative volume in comparison with the true volume of the material.From the results it has been shown that at almost all the cases a linear relationship exists between the compactional pressure and the logarithm of reciprocal porosity • From the slope of the lines it is clear that the compressibility of these three materials are different.It has also been shown that increased prowder initial height at the same compaction pressure, reduces compressibility which may be related to friction increase. Compaction with perspex die, and picturing compression pattern from the die during compaction, with polarized light, showed that transferred pressure to the die wall has an invert relationship with initial powder height.https://daru.tums.ac.ir/index.php/daru/article/view/21https://daru.tums.ac.ir/index.php/daru/article/download/21/21

DARU Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences13DISSOLUTION CHARACTERISTIC OF CHLORAMPHENICOL PALMITATE-LIPOSOMAL PREPARATION18Morteza Rafiee-TehraniZahra Tolouii-Barazandeh20151006Solid dispersions of chloramphenicol palmitate and dipalmitoyl-phosphatidylcholine (lecithin) have been produced both as copreci-pitate and physical mixtures. The dissolution behavior of both forms were compared with pure chloramphenicol palrnitate st different weight ratios of chloramphenicol palrnitate-lecithin (liposomal system); as well as various pH. The dissolution characteristic of physical mixtures for different weight ratios of chloramphenicol palmitate-lecithin was similar to the pure drug. Whereas, the coprecipitates produced a 2.8 fold greater initial dissolution rate (1DR) and a 2.4 fold greater drug release concentration after 60 min at a chloramphenicol palmitatc-lecithin weight ratio of 19:1. However, lecithin content enhancement to 9:1, 4:1 and 1.5:1 compositions, resulted in a further increase of 6%, 21%. and 24%. respectively in the initial dissolution rate. In¬creasing the lecithin content shows only a slight increase (8.5°c) on drug release after 60 min when, the chloramphenicol palrnitate lecithin weight ratio was 1.5:1. However, other weight ratios did not show any effect on the improvement of drug release after 60 min. I he effect of pH of the medium on dissolution was slight, but varied with composition of the system.In conclusion, liposome encapsulation of chloramphenicol palmitale has a significant effect on dissolution improvement of this drug.https://daru.tums.ac.ir/index.php/daru/article/view/22https://daru.tums.ac.ir/index.php/daru/article/download/22/22