DARU Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences12Tehran Groundwater Chemical Pollution6979M- Shariatpanahi20151006Seventy eight wells water sample of Tehran plain were examined to determine r its groundwaters chemical pollution. Tehran s groundwaters are slightly acidic and their total dissolved solids are high and are in the hard water category.The nitrate concentration of wells water of west region is less than per¬missible level of W.H.O. standard, whereas, the nitrate concentration of some of the other regions wells exceed W.H.O. standard which is indication of pollutionwith municipal wastewaters. The concentration of toxic elements Cr, Cd, As, Hg andi Pb of some of the west, east and south regions wells of Tehran is more than per¬missible level of W.H.O. standard, whereas, the concentration of Cu, Zn,Mn and detergents is below W.H.O. standard.1In general, the amount of dissolved materials of Tehran s groundwaters and alsoi the potential of their contamination with nitrate is increased as Tehran s ground-waters move further to the south, and even though, Tehran s groundwaters contamination with toxic elements is limited to the industrial west district, industrial-residential east and south districts, but»with regard to the disposal methods oft municipal and industrial wastewaters, if Tehran s groundwaters pollution continues,local contamination of groundwaters is likely to spread. So that finally their quality changes in such a way that this water source may become unfit for most domestic, industrial and agricultural uses. This survey shows the necessity of collection and treatment of Tehran s wastewaters and Prevention of the disposal of untreated wastewaters into the environment.https://daru.tums.ac.ir/index.php/daru/article/view/11https://daru.tums.ac.ir/index.php/daru/article/download/11/11

DARU Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences12Investigation into the Metabolism of Phenyllactic Acid in Datura Stramonium.8184Morteza Ansarin20151006The administration of phenyllactic acid (l,3-C) to Datura.stramonium plantsyielded labelled Hyoscyamin and hyoscine. proton noise decoupled CNMR spectra of13 13 these alkaloids revealed the presence of satellite peaks, due to C-C spin-spincoupling, symmetrically located about the singlet peaks arising from C. and C of the tropic acid moiety of these alkaloids. This result indicated that the rearr¬angement of phenyllactic acid to tropic acid involves an intramolecular migration of the carboxyl group.https://daru.tums.ac.ir/index.php/daru/article/view/12https://daru.tums.ac.ir/index.php/daru/article/download/12/12

DARU Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences12A Study on the Constituents, Toxic Effects and Antihelminthic Activity of pjourotus Sryngii8594H. Samsam SheriatT. GhafghaziH. Farid20151006Plourotus eryngii fungi which is known as mountain Fungi is grown in Bakhtiari province. The people of this region use the fresh fungi as food and its dried powder as an antihelminthic drug. Because of its use as food and drug, it was*decided to study the phytochemistry and pharmacological activities of this plant. The results are briefly as follows.1. The presence of protein (31.37%), Fat (2,83%) , sugar (glucose and pentose), organic substances (10.47%), Gum and Mucilage (4.65%), Cl,N,P,Fe,K,Na,Mg, Ca, was proved.2. The fungi showed to have Alkaloid, Unsaturated esterols, Flavonoides,Essence and bitter substances. Also the plant was tested for tannins, saponins, entraquinon glycosides and heart glycosides but none of these substances were present.3. The LD of water and methanol extracts (lg/ml/kg) in mice were 5 and lOg/kg respectively.Both plant extracts depressed the central nervous system and caused ataxia and decreased the respiration rate. It also produced diarrhea in mice. 4. Using In vitro and In vivo techniques, the anthelminthic effects of waterextract of this plant was studied. The results showed the extract can prevent the larvae production of Ascaris Lumbricoides eggs.The extract also affected the eggs of Fasciola hepatica, Dicrocoelium dendriticum and prevented opening of operculate and the release of miracidium. In case of release of miracidium, the extract had a lethal effect on it.Finally, the extract had antihelminthic activity on mature Dicrocoelium dendriticum, this effect increases with increasing extract concentrationshttps://daru.tums.ac.ir/index.php/daru/article/view/13https://daru.tums.ac.ir/index.php/daru/article/download/13/13

DARU Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences12A New Sensitive Procedure for the Determination of Codeine in Pharmaceuti Preparations95101FAZEL SHAMSAFUROOZANDEH HAKKI20151006A spectrophotometry procedure for the determination of codeine based on the reaction with bromthymol blue was developed. A yellow complex forms and is easily extractrable by chloroform at PH 5.6. The mole ratio of bromthymol blue in the complex is 1:1. The absorbance of the complex obeys Beer's law over the concentratic range of 2-14 ug of codeine per ml of chloroform. This procedure can be carried out in the presence of many common excipients without interference. In the presence of morphine to the extent of 60% of codeine present the analysis of codeine could be carried out without interference.https://daru.tums.ac.ir/index.php/daru/article/view/14https://daru.tums.ac.ir/index.php/daru/article/download/14/14

DARU Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences12Dissolution Behavior and Content Uniformity of An Improved Tablet Formulation Assayed by Spectrofluorometric and RIA Methods103113Morteza Rafiee-TehraniAli Bahrami20151006Digoxin 0.25 mg tablets were manufactured by pregranulation of lactose-fcorn starch with 10% corn starch paste and deposition of solvent on pregranules to make digoxin granules. In the preparation of tablet A, granules of lactose-corn Starch was uniformly moistened with a 5% chloroform-ethanol solution (2:lv/v)of digoxin by a simple blending. Tablet B was produced by spray granulation system on which the solvent was sprayed on the granules of lactose-corn starch by utilization of a laboratory size fluidized bed drier (Uniglatt) . The content uniformity and dissolution of both tablets were determined by the spectrofluorometric and radio¬immunoassay (RIA) method modified for the assay of tablet solutious. One available commercially brand of digoxin tablet (C) was included in dissolution study for comparison. For the spectrofluorometric method the technique is based on the fluor-ometric measurenent of the dehydration product of the cardiotonic steroid resulting from its reaction with hydrogen peroxide in concentrated hydrochloric acid. For the RIA method, the filtrate was diluted to theoretical concentration of 2.5 ng/ml.Aliquots of this dilution were then assayed for digoxin content using a commercial digoxin125 I RIA kit. Results from both assay methods were extrapolated to the total tablet content and compared with the labeled amount of 20 individual tablets. All tablet assay results were within the USP standards for the content uniformity anddissolution of individual. The individual tablet deviations from labeled amount by RIA method were smaller when compared with the spectrofluorometric method.There was no significant difference between the release of digoxin from three products, and thus it is suggested that the Procedure B could be easily applied for manufacturingof digoxin tablets in industrial scales.It was also concluded that,the RIA method could be used for the digoxin tablet determination.https://daru.tums.ac.ir/index.php/daru/article/view/15https://daru.tums.ac.ir/index.php/daru/article/download/15/15

DARU Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences12Preparation of Novel Acylguanidines with Potential H2 -Blocking Activity115120Jalal HanaeeM. Reza Rashidi201510063- chlorocyclohex-2-enone(2) was obtained directly by reaction of cyclohex-1,3-dione with triphyenylphosphine in CCl . Guanidine hydrochloride was treated with sodium methoxide to give the free base. The free base was treated with 3- chloro-cyclohex-2-enone (2) in methanol and yielded the acylguanidine (3). Also reaction of 5,5-dimethyl-3-methoxycyclohex-2~enone (8) with 2- amino-1,4,5,6- tetrahydro-pyrimidine (9) in isopropanol gave 2- (5,5-dimethyl-3-oxocyclohex-2-enylamine)~ 1,4,5,6-tetrahydropyrimidine (10). They both can be considered as new lead compounds with potential H -blocking activity. Further investigation will be needed to prepare modified strctures and effective H -blockers and evaluate their properties.https://daru.tums.ac.ir/index.php/daru/article/view/16https://daru.tums.ac.ir/index.php/daru/article/download/16/16