DARU Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences101"Correlation of free fraction of Phenytoin and plasma Albumin level in head trauma patients "15"Shohrati MMojtahed Zadeh MRouini MRGholami KhEftekhar BSadidi AAbdollah Zadeh M "20151006Preliminary data suggests that vital physiologic support measures and free fraction of Phenytoin are altered following head trauma. Therefore , we conducted a prospective , randomized controlled study to determine the correlation of albumin concentration and unbound phenytoin plasmaconcentration following head injury. Ten adult head trauma patients in the neurosurgical intensive care unit receiving phenytoin for the seizure prophylactic treatment were studied for their free and total plasma phenytion concentration in peak and trough times and their respective albumin concentration . Free and total phenytoin levels were determined by both liquid chromatography and flurescence polarization immunoassay (Éclair) of plasma samples after ultrafiltration and deproteinization. No significant difference was found in the plasma concentration measured with HPLC or FPIA while a marked correlation was noted between plasma albumin and free phenytoin concentration (r2=0.85). The total and free phenytoin concentrations were not significantly correlated (r2=0.60) . A remarkable difference (P<0.05) was noticed when doses in patients were adjusted on the basis of total plasma phenytoin and calculated plasma phenytoin adjusted for serum albumin. Therefore , therapeutic monitoring in neurosurgical patients receiving should be performed on the basis of pharmacologically active component (free fraction), rather than total phenytoin which is presently performed in the clinics. NOhttps://daru.tums.ac.ir/index.php/daru/article/view/131https://daru.tums.ac.ir/index.php/daru/article/download/131/131DARU Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences101"Essential oils of Heracleum Persicum Desf.ex Fischer leaves "68Mojab FRustaiyan AHJasbi AR20151006The leaves of Heracleum persicum Desf ex Fischer (Syn. H glabrascens Boiss. & Hohen, H. prbescens Rech.) (Fam Apiaceae) were collected in July - Auguest 1993 from kandavan area in north of Tehran. The oil was extracted by hydrodistillation (0.13%) from leaves and was analyzed by GC, GC/CS and 1H-NMR. The major component was trans - anethole (82.8%) Other components were β - pinene, p-cymene and terpinolene (monoterpenes) , α- caryophylene, α- bergamotene, α- farnesene, zingiberene, spathulenol (sesqiterpenes). Cis - anethole, stragole, 2,5-dimethyl styrene (aromatic compounds), and β- springene ( an aliphatic and hydrocarbonic diterpene) . It is concluded that this oil is a source of trans - anethole .https://daru.tums.ac.ir/index.php/daru/article/view/132https://daru.tums.ac.ir/index.php/daru/article/download/132/132DARU Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences101"Interaction of different doses of Aspartame with Morphine-induced antinociception in the presence of MK-801, a NMDA antagonist "916Abdollahi MAghabarati FNikfar ShEtemad FAbdoli N20151006This study was designed to investigate the relative role of sweetness and comparative effects of different taste sensation of the non - caloric sweetener , aspartame on pain and its interaction with MK - 80] as a non - selective MMDA antagonist by formalin - test in mice. The formalin - test was chosen because it measures the response to a long - lasting nociceptive stimulus and closely resembles to the clinical pain. Morphine induced a dose dependent antinociception in the early and late phases of formalin test. Twelve days pretreatment of animals by aspartame ( 0.08% , 0.16% , 0.32%) significantly potentiated morphine - induced (1.5-9 mg/kg) analgesia in the early phase but significantly antagonized its analgesic effect in the late phase, dose dependently. Aspartame (0.16%) alone showed a reduction in pain response . Naloxone (0.4 mg/kg) significantly antagonized the antinociceptive effect of morphine in the presence of aspartame (0-0.32%) in the early phase. Increasing the dose of aspartame decreased effects of naloxone. MK-801 (0.1 mg/kg) as an N- Methyl - D - Aspartate (NMDA) antagonist significantly potentiated the effect of aspartame on morphine - induced antinociception in the early phase. In the late phase, naloxone (0.4 mg/kg) increased pain response but MK- 801 (0.1 mg/kg) induced anti-inflammatory effect significantly. Treatment of animals with MK- 801 alone, significantly induced analgesia in both phases of formalin - test. This effect was potentiated with aspartame dose - dependently. Possible interaction of aspartame with NMDA receptors and its role to facilitate endogenous opioid system are proposed mechanisms of aspartame in modulating morphine - induced antinociception. Furthermore, the resulting association between morphine and aspartame chronic consumption may be explained as an interactive action rather than simple dose combination of both drugs.https://daru.tums.ac.ir/index.php/daru/article/view/133https://daru.tums.ac.ir/index.php/daru/article/download/133/133DARU Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences101The effect of loading solution and dissolution media on release of Diclofenac from ion exchange resins1722"Atyabi FKoochak MDinarvand R "20151006Drugs can be loaded on ion exchange resins in order to control their release. Loading of diclofenac sodium on the resin beads not only sustain its release but also reduce its gastrointestinal mucosal injury. In this study the effect of loading solution and concentration of diclofenac in loading solution on total amount of drug loaded on the resin beads (Amberlite IRA-900) and the release characteristic of drug in different media were examined. Results showed that diclofenac resin complex did not release their drug content in simulated gastric fluid but released it in simulated intestinal fluid independent of exposure time in acidic conditions. The effect of a number of parameters such as ionic strength and pH on the release characteristic of drug - resin complexes were also examined. Results showed that although ionic strength is an important factor, drug release is more affected by the pH of the media. NO ABSTRACThttps://daru.tums.ac.ir/index.php/daru/article/view/134https://daru.tums.ac.ir/index.php/daru/article/download/134/134DARU Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences101"Effects of agitation rate on the growth of Mycena SP and production of antifungal agents "2327Vahidi HTehrani MH20151006Impeller speed or agitation rate plays a significant role in the growth of microorganism especially basidiomycetes and production of bioactive compounds via transfer of oxygen and mass. In this investigation the efferent impeller speeds on morphology, biomass concentration and production of bioactive compounds with antifungal activity were studied using a 5-liter fermenter. It was found that use of different impeller speeds (300 , 450 and 600 rpm) resulted in various growth pattern and productivity. Impeller speed of 600 rpm gave a tow biomass concentration and low production of antifungal agent and the best result was obtained when impeller speed was adjusted to 450 rpm. Biomass concentration and productivity in the case of 300 rpm was less than that of 450 but higher than of 600 rpm.https://daru.tums.ac.ir/index.php/daru/article/view/135https://daru.tums.ac.ir/index.php/daru/article/download/135/135DARU Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences101Determination of Selenium in infant formula by differential pulse cathodic stripping voltammetry2833"Oveisi MRJannat BShefaati ARHamedi M "20151006Selenium as a nonmetallic chemical element has received high attention of biologists because of its dual role as an essential trace nutrient and a toxic element. This interest has created a need for reliable analytical methods for determination of selenium. In this investigation determination of selenium by differential pulse cathodic stripping voltammetry and the influence of various parameters such as deposition potentials, deposition time. Cu concentration pH, etc. on selenium peak in voltammogram are described. Determination of selenium was accomplished in mixture of acetic acid, hydrochloric acid and sodium chloride buffer (pH=1) with a scan rate of 60 mv/s and a pulse height of 100 my by hanging mercury drop electrode (HMDE) as working electrode. The solution was stirred during pre-electrolysis at - 350 mv (vs SCE) for 30 s and the potential was scanned between - 350 mv and - 800 mv. The determination limit of the method was 0.005 mg/kg for the sample. The calibration curves were linear in the range of 0-30 μg/L (R2=0.996, p<0.001). Repeatability of the method at concentrations of 30 and 0.5 μg/L were 2.5 and 10.5% respectively.https://daru.tums.ac.ir/index.php/daru/article/view/136https://daru.tums.ac.ir/index.php/daru/article/download/136/136DARU Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences101"Synthesis and antifungal activity of some new 1,2,4-Triazolo [3,4-b] [1,3,4] Thiadiazines "3437"Foroumadi ARMirzaei MEmami SSalari PGhaffari FAmini MShafiei A "20151006A new series of 5-aryl - 3 - (2 - furyl) - (7H) - s - triazolo [3, 4 - b] [1 , 3 , 4 ] thiadiazines were prepared by the reaction of 4-amino - 5 - ( 2 - furyl) - 2 , 4 - dihydro - 3H - 1 , 2 , 4 - triazole - 3 - thione with α- halocarbonyl compounds in refluxing ethanolic potassium hydroxid. The compounds were tested against a variery of fungal strains in comparison to clotrimazole. Some compounds exhibited moderate activity against candida albicans and some of the fungi.https://daru.tums.ac.ir/index.php/daru/article/view/137https://daru.tums.ac.ir/index.php/daru/article/download/137/137DARU Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences101Screening of Iranian plants for antifungal activity: Part 13437Amin Gh.RDehmoobed Sharifabadi ASalehi Surmaghi MHYasa NAynechi YEmami MShidfar MRAmin MMoghadami MKordbacheh PZeini F20151006In this study, 250 species from 37 families of native Iranian plants were screened for in vitro antifungal activity against 19 fungal strains in vitro. Primarily, the crude extracts at concentration of 100μg/ml were tested. Of 250 extracts tested, 185(74%) showed antifungal activity against at least one fungal strain. The outstanding species were Artemisia aucheri, Artemisia scoparia, Carthamus oxyacantha, Francoeuria undulate, Tripleurospermum disciform, and Xanthium spinosum.https://daru.tums.ac.ir/index.php/daru/article/view/138https://daru.tums.ac.ir/index.php/daru/article/download/138/138